Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine adjuvanted with gram-positive matrix (GEM) particles (FluGEM): A randomized, double-blind, controlled, ascending dose study in healthy adults and elderly.

Intranasal administration of respiratory vaccines offers many advantages such as eliciting both systemic and mucosal immunity at the point of viral entry. Immunogenicity of intranasal vaccination can be improved through the use of adjuvants. Bacteria-like particles derived fromLactococcus lactishave the potential to serve as a vaccine adjuvant.This clinical study investigated the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine adjuvanted with gram-positive matrix particles (FluGEM®).