Impact of oral administration of single strain spp. on immune responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization and gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in healthy volunteers.

spp. has been associated with promising immunomodulatory results in preclinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of three monoclonal microbial formulations of spp. (EDP1066) on the immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Potential effects on the gut microbiota were also investigated.