A pharmacodynamic Markov mixed-effects model for the effect of temazepam on sleep.

Karlsson MO, Schoemaker RC, Kemp B, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM, Tuk B, Peck CC, Danhof M

A hypnogram shows how sleep travels through its various stages in the course of a night. The sleep stage changes can be quantified to study sedative drug effects.